Effective Information, Education and Communication (IEC) in Vietnam

The following literature review has been carried out to identify publications that describe Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) interventions to promote the health and well being of the people of Vietnam. In particular, publications, consultants reports, conference presentations, evaluations and anecdotal testimonies that provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of IEC interventions to a reasonable standard of evidence (descriptions on intervention, impact data, statistical analysis, baseline data). The sources of information have been retrieved from Government and Non-Government Organisations, UN agencies, private collections and through an electronic literature search of relevant journals and books.

70 references meeting these criteria were initially identified. 26 were rejected on various grounds including the lack of impact data and poor methodological approach. A further 21 were classified as borderline in that they did not fully meet criteria for inclusion but had some special features that justified retention. This has provided a bibliography of 44 sources of information. All the references with the exception of Uhrig (1993) were produced since 1994. 9 of the 29 reference documents have a particular focus on reproductive health and 5 were specific to Ethnic Minority Groups (see appendix 1).

The literature review has identified IEC approaches that have been found to be both effective and ineffective in the Kinh population and in Ethnic Minority Groups (EMGs) in mountainous regions. The review has also identified that there are few rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of IEC. In particular, the evaluation of IEC interventions in community-based urban settings and in EMGs in South Vietnam.

This document has been produced as part of UNICEF's support to IEC strategic development in the water supply and sanitation sector but may be of interest to other professionals working in Vietnam. UNICEF would welcome suggestions and comments and information of any interventions that may have been omitted from the review.

The literature review will form the basis for a series of action-orientated papers to be produced for UNICEF in Vietnam:

• The implementation of effective IEC in the Kinh population.
• The implementation of effective IEC in mountainous populations.
• The implementation of effective IEC in selected Ethnic Minority Groups.

The implementation in specific Ethnic Minority Groups in UNICEF would like to offer its appreciation to the many people who have contributed toward the literature review. In particular to the Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (CERWASS) and for the financial support provided by DFID.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE GAP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE
3. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE
4. MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
5. INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION IN VIETNAM
6. IEC IN THE KINH POPULATION
7. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IEC
8. A SIMPLE FORMULA FOR IEC IN KINH POPULATIONS
9. IEC IN MOUNTAINOUS POPULATIONS
10. THE CONSTRAINTS TO IEC IN MOUNTAINOUS POPULATIONS
11. THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR IEC IN MOUNTAINOUS POPULATIONS
12. A SIMPLE FORMULA FOR IEC IN MOUNTAINOUS POPULATIONS
13. CONCLUSIONS
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
15. APPENDIX 1. LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

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